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Infertility in Men and Women: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Infertility is a common health challenge affecting millions of couples globally, including in India. Defined as the inability to conceive after one year of regular, unprotected intercourse, infertility can result from health issues in either partner or a combination of factors. In men, problems like low sperm count, poor motility, or hormonal imbalances are common causes. Women may face challenges such as ovulation disorders, endometriosis, or blocked fallopian tubes. Lifestyle factors like obesity, smoking, and stress also play a significant role. With advancements in medical science, effective treatments such as IVF, IUI, and hormonal therapies are now widely available. For couples looking for trusted care, Dr. Asmita Dongare, a leading infertility specialist, offers advanced infertility treatment in Wakad, Pune. In this blog, we’ll explain the causes, how infertility is diagnosed, and what treatment options are available to help you plan your family with confidence.

What Causes Infertility in Men and Women?

Causes of Male Infertility:

  1. Low Sperm Count or Poor Sperm Quality: Issues like low sperm motility or abnormal sperm shape can hinder conception.
  2. Hormonal Imbalances: Low levels of testosterone or other hormonal abnormalities can affect sperm production.
  3. Varicocele: Swollen veins in the scrotum can impair sperm production.
  4. Infections: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or other diseases can damage reproductive organs.
  5. Lifestyle Factors: Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, obesity, and exposure to toxins like pesticides or chemicals can reduce fertility.
  6. Ejaculation Issues: Conditions like retrograde ejaculation (when semen enters the bladder) can prevent sperm from reaching the egg.

Causes of Female Infertility:

  1. Ovulatory Disorders: Irregular ovulation caused by conditions like Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) or thyroid imbalances.
  2. Blocked Fallopian Tubes: Often due to pelvic inflammatory disease or endometriosis.
  3. Uterine Issues: Fibroids, polyps, or abnormalities in the uterine lining can prevent implantation.
  4. Age-Related Decline: Fertility decreases with age, especially after 35 years.
  5. Lifestyle Factors: Obesity, smoking, excessive stress, and poor nutrition can impact fertility.

How is Infertility Diagnosed?

For Men:

  1. Semen Analysis: Evaluates sperm count, motility, and morphology.
  2. Hormone Testing: Checks testosterone and other hormone levels.
  3. Scrotal Ultrasound: Detects structural abnormalities like varicocele.
  4. Genetic Testing: Identifies genetic causes of infertility.

For Women:

  1. Ovulation Tests: Monitors hormone levels to confirm ovulation.
  2. Ultrasound Scans: Checks for ovarian cysts, fibroids, or other abnormalities.
  3. Hysterosalpingography (HSG): Examines fallopian tube blockages using X-rays.
  4. Laparoscopy: A minimally invasive procedure to diagnose endometriosis or pelvic adhesions.

Reputable centers like Cloverleaf Specialty Clinic Wakad and Jupiter Hospital Baner offer advanced diagnostic tools for precise results.

Treatment Options for Infertility:

The treatment for infertility depends on its underlying cause and may involve lifestyle changes, medications, or advanced medical procedures.

For Men:

  1. Lifestyle Modifications: Quitting smoking, reducing alcohol intake, maintaining a healthy weight, and managing stress can improve fertility.
  2. Medications: Hormonal therapy to address imbalances affecting sperm production.
  3. Surgical Procedures: Correcting varicocele or addressing blockages in the reproductive tract.
  4. Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART):
    1. Intrauterine Insemination (IUI): Sperm is inserted into the uterus at the time of ovulation.
    2. In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): Sperm is combined with an egg outside the body before implantation.
    3. Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI): A technique where one sperm is directly inserted into an egg to assist with fertilization.

For Women:

  1. Ovulation Induction Medications: Drugs like Clomiphene Citrate stimulate ovulation in women with irregular cycles.
  2. Surgical Treatments:
    1. Laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis or fibroid removal.
    2. Tuboplasty to unblock fallopian tubes.
  3. Assisted Reproductive Techniques:
    1. IVF and ICSI are commonly used for unexplained infertility or advanced maternal age.
    2. Donor eggs or embryos may be considered if ovarian reserve is low.

Combined Treatments for Couples:

When both partners have fertility issues, treatments often involve a combination of methods tailored to their specific needs.

Infertility Treatment for Women at Dr. Asmita Dongre's Clinic, Baner:

Jupiter Hospital in Baner, Pune, is a trusted name for advanced infertility treatments. The hospital offers state-of-the-art facilities and a team of Dr. Asmita Dongare, a highly experienced  infertility specialist, making it a preferred choice for couples seeking fertility solutions in Pune.

  1. IVF (In Vitro Fertilization): IVF is one of the most sought-after treatments at Jupiter Hospital. It involves fertilizing eggs outside the body and implanting the embryos into the uterus.
  2. IUI (Intrauterine Insemination): IUI is a less invasive procedure where sperm is directly placed into the uterus during ovulation to increase the chances of fertilization.
  3. Laparoscopic Surgery: For women facing structural issues like fibroids or endometriosis, Jupiter Hospital offers minimally invasive laparoscopic surgeries to restore fertility.
  4. Hormonal Treatments: Hormonal imbalances are addressed through medications to regulate ovulation and improve fertility outcomes.

When should I seek consultation for infertility?

  1. If you’ve been trying to conceive for over a year without success (or six months if you’re over 35).
  2. If you have irregular menstrual cycles or known reproductive health issues like PCOS or endometriosis.
  3. If there’s a history of STIs or surgeries affecting your reproductive organs.

Dr. Asmita Dongare: Expert in Infertility Treatment:

Dr. Asmita Dongare is one of the best gynecologists in Wakad, Baner and all over Pune with over 18+ years of experience treating complex infertility cases. Her expertise at Cloverleaf Specialty Clinic ensures that couples receive compassionate care tailored to their unique needs.

Infertility can be emotionally challenging but is treatable in most cases with timely medical intervention and lifestyle changes. If you’re looking for expert guidance on infertility treatment in Wakad or Pune, consult experienced specialists who prioritize your journey toward parenthood!

If you are searching for a female infertility expert in Pune or infertility treatment in Wakad, Pune, Jupiter Hospital offers world-class care tailored to your needs. Consult Dr. Asmita Dongare experienced specialist today to take the first step toward parenthood!